And actually, before answering the question, I just want to remind everyone that Jamie is not able to join because he has a travel conflict overseas.

Jul 12, 2024 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2024-07-12 | transcript d796a260-1ccc-4675-86aa-eaa471b926b2 | chars 11642-11791 | segment 12

Both discretionary and non-discretionary spend are up year-on-year, the strongest growth in discretionary being travel.

Jan 13, 2023 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2023-01-13 | transcript e78fb87e-0dad-4357-801d-c177a3c0a87f | chars 3317-3436 | segment 3

Expenses of $8 billion were up 11% year-on-year, driven by the investments we're making in technology, travel, marketing, and branches.

Oct 14, 2022 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2022-10-14 | transcript 7486aa4f-35f2-43ce-bf95-07346240b298 | chars 5052-5187 | segment 5

And as the quarter progressed, we saw a robust re-acceleration of T&E spend, up 64%.

Apr 13, 2022 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2022-04-13 | transcript 92956ceb-fbaa-46de-b4d4-ef68622679f5 | chars 4805-4889 | segment 4

Within that, travel and entertainment spend was up 13% versus 4Q19, though we have seen some softening in recent weeks contemporaneously with the Omicron wave.

Jan 14, 2022 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2022-01-14 | transcript 081617c4-3c09-4949-a50f-1178868c1503 | chars 4505-4664 | segment 4

Within that data, travel and entertainment spend was up 8% versus 3Q19, and very closely tracked the patterns of the Delta variant within the quarter, softening in August and early September and re-accelerating in recent weeks.

Oct 13, 2021 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2021-10-13 | transcript 847c0d43-4f9c-40fb-af38-7b8814e57a4e | chars 3977-4204 | segment 4

And travel and entertainment has really turned a corner, with spend flat versus the second quarter of 2019 accelerating from down 11% in April to actually up 13% in June.

Jul 13, 2021 / CFO / receipt, needs a key / Jeremy Barnum, CFO | earnings call 2021-07-13 | transcript 30674be2-8a21-45ff-9799-c87fa561a2db | chars 5183-5353 | segment 5